会員情報
氏名
大塚榮子 (おおつか えいこ)
所属部・分科
第2部第7分科
選定年月日
令和2年12月14日
専攻学科目
核酸化学
現職等
- 北海道大学名誉教授
- 産業技術総合研究所名誉フェロー
- 北海道大学新渡戸カレッジフェロー
受賞等
〔国内〕
- 日本学士院賞(平成8年)
- 瑞宝中綬章(平成23年)
〔海外〕
外国アカデミー会員等
主要な学術上の業績
大塚榮子氏は、核酸の化学合成技術を基盤とし、核酸ならびにタンパク質の構造と機能の解明において先駆的研究を進めました。例えば、がん遺伝子の全合成を達成し、がん遺伝子タンパク質の立体構造を世界に先駆けて解明しました。また、DNA損傷が発がんを誘発する分子機構においても重要な成果をあげました。 さらに、RNAの化学合成技術を開発し、転移RNAや触媒活性を有するRNAを合成し、それぞれの重要な機能を解明しました。また、天然のRNA の水酸基をメチル化した2'-O-メチルRNAを化学合成し、核酸分解酵素と併用することでRNAの配列特異的な切断技術を確立しました。この成果は現在の核酸医薬に結び付く重要な知見となりました。
主要な著書・論文
著書及び総説
- 池原森男,上田 亨,大塚栄子:核酸有機化学、化学同人、京都、1979.
- Ohtsuka, E: Non-canonical hydrogen bonds in genetic information flow, Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Ser. B, 81:393-402, 2005.
- 論文
- Ohtsuka, E, Tanaka, S, Tanaka, T, Miyake, T. Markham, AF, Nakagawa, E, Wakabayashi, T, Taniyama, Y, Nishikawa, S, Fukumoto, R, Uemura, H, Doi, T, Tokunaga, T, and Ikehara, M: Total synthesis of a RNA molecule with sequence identical to that of Escherichia coli formylmethionine tRNA, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 78: 5493-5497, 1981.
- Uemura, H, Imai, M, Ohtsuka, E, Ikehara, M and Söll, D: E. coli initiator tRNA analogs with different nucleotides in the discriminator base position, Nucleic Acids Res., 10: 6531-6539, 1982.
- Ohtsuka, E, Matsuki, S, Ikehara, M, Takahashi, Y, and Matsubara, K: An alternative aproach to deoxyoligonucleotides as hybridization probes by insertion of deoxyinosine at ambiguous codon positions, J. Biol. Chem., 260: 2605-2608, 1985.
- Takahashi, Y, Kato, K, Hayashizaki, Y, Wakabayashi, T, Ohtsuka, E, Matsuki, S, Ikehara, M, and Matsubara, K: Molecular cloning of the human cholecystokinin gene by use of a synthetic probe containing deoxyinosine, Proc. Natl.Acad. Sci. USA, 82: 1931-1935, 1985.
- Inoue, H, Hayase, Y, Iwai, S, and Ohtsuka, E: Sequence-dependent hydrolysis of RNA using modified oligonucleotide splints and RNase FEBS Lett., 215: 327-330, 1987.
- Hayase, Y, Jahn, M, Rogers, MJ, Sylvers, LA, Koizumi, M, Inoue, H, Ohtsuka, E, and Söll, D: Recognition of bases in Escherichia coli tRNAGln by glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase: a complete identity set, EMBO J., 11: 4159-4165, 1992.
- Koizumi, M, Hayase, Y, Iwai, S, Kamiya, H, Inoue, H and Ohtsuka, E: Design of RNA enzymes distinguishing a single base mutation in RNA, Nucleic Acids Res., 17: 7059-7071, 1989.
- Koizumi, M, Kamiya, H, and Ohtsuka, E: Ribozymes designed to inhibit transformation of NIH3T3 cells by the activated c-Ha-ras gene, Gene, 117: 179-184, 1992.
- Iwai, S, Shimizu, M, Kamiya, H, and Ohtsuka. E: Synthesis of a phosphoramidite coupling unit of the pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidone photoproduct and its incorporation into oligodeoxynucleotides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118: 7642-7643, 1996.
- Kamiya, H, Miura, K, Ohtomo, N, Koda, T, Kakinuma, M, Nishimura S, and Ohtsuka, E: Transformation of NIH3T3 cells with synthetic c-Ha-ras genes, Jpn. J. Cancer Res., 80: 200-203, 1989.
- Kamiya, H, Miura, K, Ishikawa, H, Inoue, H, Nishimura, S, and Ohtsuka, E: c-Ha-ras containing 8-hydroxyguanine at codon 12 induces point mutations at the modified and adjacent positions, Cancer Res., 52: 3483-3485, 1992.
- Kamiya, H, Murata, N, Murata, T, Iwai, S, Matsukage, A, Masutani, C, Hanaoka, F, and Ohtsuka, E: Cyclobutane thymine dimers in a ras proto-oncogene hot spot activate the gene by point mutation, Nucleic Acids Res., 21: 2355-2361, 1993.
- Kuchino, Y, Mori, F, Kasai, H, Inoue, H, Iwai, S, Miura, K, Ohtsuka, E, and Nishimura, S: Misreading of DNA templates containing 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine at the modified base and at adjacent residues, Nature, 327: 77-79, 1987.
- Ikehara, M, Ohtsuka, E, Tokunaga, T, Taniyama, Y, Iwai, Kitano, K, Miyamoto, S. Ohgi, T, Sakuragawa, Y, Fujiyama, K, Ikari, Kobayashi, T, Miyake, T, Shibahara, S, Ono, A, Ueda, T, Tanaka, T, Baba, H, Miki, T, Sakurai, A, Oishi, T, Chisaka, O. and Maysubara, K: Synthesis of a gene for human growth hormone and its expression in Escherichia coli, Proc. Natl.Acad. Sci. USA, 81: 5956-5960, 1984.
- Miura, K, Inoue, H, Nakamori, H, Iwai, S, Ohtsuka, E, Ikehara, M, Noguchi,S, and Nishimura, S: Synthesis and expression of a synthetic gene for the activated human c-Ha-ras protein, Jpn. J. Cancer Res., 77: 45-51,1986.
- de Vos, AM, Tong, L, Milburn, MV, Matias, PM, Jancarik, J, Noguchi, S, Nishimura, S, Miura, K, Ohtsuka, E and Kim, S-H: Three-dimensional structure of an oncogene protein: catalytic domain of human c-H-ras p21, Science, 239:888-893, 1988.
- Morikawa, K, Matsumoto, O, Tsujimoto, M, Katayanagi,K, Ariyohsi, M, Doi, T,Ikehara, M, Inaoka, T, and Ohtsuka, E: X-ray structure of T4 endonuclease V: An excision repair enzyme specific for a pyrimidine dimer, Science, 256: 523-526, 1992.
- Vassylyev, DG, Kashiwagi, T, Mikami, Y, Ariyahsi, M, Iwai, S, Ohtsuka, E, and Morikawa, K: Atomic model of a pyrimidine dimer excision complexed with a DNA substrate: structural basus for damaged DNA recognition, Cell, 83: 773-782, 1995.